.U6 
1919 
Copy 1 



DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 

( BUREAU OF THE CENSUS 
WASHINGTON 



FOURTEENTH CENSUS OF THE UNITED STATES 
MANUFACTURES: 1919 



CAST-IRON PIPE 



Prepared under the supervision of EUGENE F. HARTLEY, Chief Statistician for Manufactures 



CONTENTS 



Explanation of Terms 2 

GENERAL STATISTICS. 

General character of the industry 3 

Comparative summary 3 

Principle! states, ranked by value of products 4 

Persons engaged in the industry 4 

Wage earners, by months, for states 4 

Average number of wage earners, by prevailing hours of labor, 

per week, for states... " 5 

Size ofestablishments, by average number ofwage earners, for states. 5 



Size of establishments, by value of products 

Number and horsepower of types of prime movers 

Fuel consumed, by states , 

SPECIAL STATISTICS. 
Products— comparative statistics, by states: 1019 and l')14.. 
GENERAL TABLES. 

Comparative summary, by states 

Detailed statement for the industry, by states 




WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 
1922 



EXPLANATION OF TERMS. 



Scope Of census.— Census statistics of manufactures are compiled primarily for 
the purpose of showing the absolute and relative magnitude of the different branches 
of industry covered and their growth or decline. Incidentally, the effort is made 
to present data throwing light upon character of ownership, size of establishments, 
and similar subjects. When use is made of the statistics for these purposes it is 
imperative that due attention be given to their limitations, particularly in 
connection with any attempt to derive from them figures purporting to show aver* 
age wages, cost of production, or profits. 

The census did not cover establishments which were idle during the entire year or 
for which products were valued at less than §500, or the manufacturing done in 
educational, eleemosynary, and penal institutions. 

Period covered.— The returns relate to the calendar year 1919, or the business 
year which corresponded most nearly to that calendar year, and cover a year's opera- 
tions, except for establishments which began or discontinued business during the 
year. 

The establishment.— As a rule, the term "establishment" represents a single 
plant or factory, but in some cases it represents two or more plants which were oper- 
ated under a common ownership or for which one set of books of account was kept. 
If, however, the plants constituting an establishment as thus defined were not all 
located within the same city, county, or stale, separate reports wer(^ secured in 
order tkat the figures for each plant might be included in the statistics for the city, 
county, or state in which it was located. In some instances separate reports were 
secured for different industries carried on in the same establishment. 

Classification by industries.— The establishments were assigned to the several 
classes of industries according to their products of chief value. The products re- 
ported for a given industry may thus, on the one hand, include minor products 
different from those covered by the class designation, and, on the other hand, may 
not represent the total product covered by this designation, because some products 
of this class may be made in establishments in which it is not the product of 
chief vaUie. 

Influence of increased prices.— In comparing figures for cost of materials, value 
of products, and value added I-y manufacture in 1919 with the corresponding figures 
for earlier censuses, account should be taken of the general increase in the prices 
pf commodities during recent years. To the extent to which this factor has been 
influential the figures fail to afford an exact measure of the increase in the volume 
of business. 

Persons engaged in the industry.— The following general classes of persons en- 
gaged in the manufacturing industries were distinguished: (1) Proprietors and firm 
members, (2) salaried ollicers of corporations, (3) superintendents and managers, 
(4) clerks (including other sul)ordinate salaried employees), and (5) wage earners. 

The number of persons engaged in each industry, segregated by sex, and, in the 
case of wage earners, also by age (whether under 16 or 16 aud over), was reported for 
a single representative day. The 15th of December was selected as representing for 
most industries normal conditions of employment, but where this date did not 
portray such conditions, an earlier date was requested. 

In the case of employees other than wage earners the number thus reported for the 
representati^^ date has been treated as equivalent to the average for the year, since 
the number of employees of this class does not ordinarily vary much from month to 
month. In the case of wage earners the average has been obtained in the manner 
explained in the next paragraph. 

In addition to the more detailed report by sex and age of the number of wage 
earners on the representative date, a report was obtained of the number employed on 
the loth of each month, by sex, without distinction of age. From these figures 
the average number of wage earners for the year has been calculated by dividing the 
sum of the numbers reported for the several months by 12. The importance of the 
Industry as an employer of labor is believed to be more accurately measured by 
this average than by the number employed at any one time or on a given day. 

The number of wage earners reported for the representative day, though given in 
certain tables for each separate Industry, is not totaled for all industries combined, 
because, in view of the variations of date, such a total is not believed to be signifi- 
cant. It would involve more or less duplication of persons working in different 
industries at different times, would not represent the total number employed in 
all industries at any one time, and would give an undue weight to seasonal indus- 
tries as compared with industries in continual operation. 

In order to determine as nearly as possible the age distribution of the average 
number of wage earners for an industry, the per cent distribution by age of the 
wage earners for December 15, or the nearest representative day, has been calcu- 
lated from the actual numbers reported for that date. The percentages thus 
obtained have been applied to the average number of wage earners for the year 
to determine the average numbers 16 years and over, and imder 16, employed. 

Salaries and wages.— Under these heads are given the total payments during the 
year for salaries and wages, respectively. The Census Bureau has not undertaken 
to calculate the average annual earnings of either salaried employees or wage earners. 
Such averages would possess little real value, because they would be based on th« 
earnings of employees of both sexes, of all ages, and of widely varying degrees of skill. 
Furthermore, so far as wage earners are concerned, it would be impossible to calcu- 



late accurately even so simple an average as this, since the number of wage earners 
fluctuates from month to month in every industry, and in some cases to a very great 
extent. The Census Bureau's figures for wage earners, as already explained, are 
averages based on the number employed on the loth of each month, and while 
representing the number according to the pay rolls to whom wages were paid on 
that date, no doubt represent a larger number than would be required to perform 
the work in any industry if all were continuously employed during the year. 

Prevailing hours of labor.— No attempt was made to ascertain the number of 
wage earners working a given number of hours per week. The inquiry called merely 
for the prevailing practice followed in each establishment. Occasional variations 
in hours in an establishment from one part of the year to another were disregarded, 
and no attention was paid to the fact timt a few wage earners might have hours 
differing from those of the majority. All the wage earners of each establishment 
are therefore counted in the class within which the establishment itself falls. In 
most establishments, however, practically all the wage earners work the same 
number of hours, so that the figures givfe a substantially correct representation 
of the hours of labor. 

Capital (amoimt actually invested). — The instructions on the schedule for se- 
curing data relating to capital were as follows: 

"The answer should show the total amount of capital, both owned and borrowed, 
on the last day of the business year reported. All the items of fixed and live capital 
may be taken at the amounts carried on the books. If land or buildings are rented, 
that fact should be stated and no value given. If apart of the land or buildings is 
owned, the remainder being rented, that fact should be so stated and only the value 
of the owned property given. Do not include securities and loans representing 
investments in other enterprises." 

These instructions were identical with those employed at the censuses of 1914 
and 19t)9. The data compiled in respect to capital, however, at both censuses, as 
well as at all preceding censuses of manufactures, have been so defective as to be 
of little value except as indicating general conditions. In fact, it has been 
repeatedly recommended by the census authorities that this inquiry be omitted 
from the schedule. While there are some estalslishments whose accounting systems 
are such that an accurate return for capital could be made, this is not true of the 
great majority, and the figures therefore do not show the actual amount of capital 
invested. 

Materials.— The statistics as to cost of materials relate to the materials used 
during the year, which may be more or less than the materials purchased during 
the year. The term "materials" covers fuel, rent of power and heat, mill supplies, 
and containers, as well as materials which form a constituent partof the product. 

Rent and taxes.— The taxes include certain Federal taxes and state, county, 
and local taxes. Under "Federal ta.xes" there are included the internal revenue 
tax on manufactures (tobacco, beverages, etc.), excise taxes when included in values 
reported for products, corporation capital stock tax, and corporation income tax, 
but not the income tax for individuals and partners. 

Value of products. — The amounts given under this heading represent the selling 
value or price at the factory of all products manufactured during the year, which 
may differ from the value of the products sold. 

Value added by manufacture.— The value of products is not always a satis- 
factory measure of either the absolute or the relative importance of a given industry, 
because only a part of this value is actually created by the manufacturing processes 
carried on in the industry itself. Another part, and often by far the larger one, 
represents the value of the materials used. For many purposes, therefore, the 
best measure of the importance of an industry, from a manufacturing standpoint, 
is the value created by the manufacturing operations carried on within the indus- 
try. This value is calculated by deducting the cost of the materials used from 
the value of the products. The figure thus obtained is termed in the census reports 
"value added by manufacture." 

Cost of manufacture and profits.— The census data do not show the entire cost 
of manufacture, and consequently can not be used for the calculation of profits. 
No account has been taken of depreciation or interest, rent of offices and buildings 
other than factory or works, insurance, ordinary repairs, advertising, and other 
sundry e.xpenses. 

Primary horsepower.— This item represents the total primary power equipment 
of the manufacturing establishments plus the amount of power, principally elec- 
tric, rented from other concerns. It does not cover the power of electric motors 
taking their current from dynamos driven by primary power machines operated 
by the same establishment, because the inclusion of such power would obviously 
result in duplication. The figures for primary horsepower represent the rated 
capacity of the engines, motors, etc., and not the amount of power In actual daily 
use. 

Fuel.— Statistics of the quantity of fuel used are shown only for anthracite and 
bituminous coal, coke, fuel oils, gasoline and other volatile oils, and gas, and 
represent the quantity used during the year. As only the principal kinds of fuel 
°j-e shown, comparison as to the total cost ol all fuel is impracticable. 



(2) 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 

AI1G151922 



^ 



^ LP 



CAST-IRON PIPE. 



GENERAL STATISTICS. 



General character of the industry. — Establishments 
pi-imarily engaged in ilir manufactnre of cast-iron 
pipe were first segregated as an industi-y at tlie census 
of 1909. Prior tliereto tlicv were included with those 
for foundry and macliine-shop pi'oducts, which in- 
cluded iron foundries not sjX'cially i)r()sided for. 

Comparative summary. -Table 1 presents the gen- 
eral statistics for 1919, L9I4, and 19(19. 

Principal states, ranked by value of products. — 
Statistics are presented in Table _ for the chief factors: 
Number of establishments: innnbcr of wage earners; 
value of products; and value added by manufacture, 
foi- all states for wliieli the statistics can be reported. 

Persons engaged in the industry. — The age clas.si- 
fication of the average number of wage earners in 
Table 3 is an estimate obtained by the method 
described in the '' Explamitioii of terms." Figures for 
states will be founti in Table 1-. 

Wage earners, by months. — The statistics for wage 
earners in Table 4 show the labor movement in accord- 
ance with the industrial conditions I'xisting through- 
out the year. 

Prevailing hours of labor. — Table .5 shows that of the 
total number of wage earners em]iloyed only 3.1 per 
cent were in establishments where the ])revailing hours 
per week were 48 or fewer in 19fJ9, and 1.4 per cent in 
1914. In 1919 this ratio was ri.4 per cent. On the 
other hand, in H)Ot), 7(i per cent wci-e in the " 0() hours 



per week" group, and in 1914, 64 per cent, whereas 
in 1919 this group carried but 21.4 per cent. 

Size of establishments, by average number of wage 
earners. — Table 6 shows the industry to be one of 
relatively lai-ge units. Only six establishm(>nts with 
180 wage earn(-rs are fount! in the groups employing T)!) 
wage earners or less in 1919 and Tiine establishments 
with 179 wage earners in 1914. 

Size of establishments, by value of products. The 
avei'age value of products per establishnienl foi' all 
classes in 1919 was approximately .*;s.')0,0(l(), as com- 
) in 1914 and -STOO, ()()() in 19(19. 
1914 to 1919 was due primarily 
and as a result. Table 7, being 
!' products, shows heav\' irains in 



The industry is almost 
wiiership. Of the 59 es- 



pared with $45(1, (1( 
The increase fi-om 
to enhancecl \-alm's 
based upon value ( 
the higher groujjs. 

Character of ownership 
entirely imder corjiorate 
tablislimeiits, ,5() are owned by corporations, and they 
reported 9S.1 per cent of the value of all products. 

Number and horsepower of types of prime movers. — 
Table 8 gives the total horse])ower reported for th(^ 
industry. Of the lol.-il prim.ary powei-, (iO per cent 
was purcliased elecll-ie jiower in 1919, as C(Ullpa.l'ed 
with 31.7 per cent in 1914 and 14.9 in 19(19. 

Fuel consumed. — Table tl shows the consumption of 
fuel, by kinds and by states. Thi'- ligures for gas 
include both nianuf.-iet urecl and natui'al ij-as. 



T.^BLE 1.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY: 1919, 1914, AND 1909. 





1919 


l»ll 


1909 


PER CE^^T OF 
INCREASE. 1 




1919 

$17,136,610 
2,431,212 
14,705,39s 
37, 795 
1,267,255 
25,386, ,552 
.50,235,101 

24,S4S,549 


1914 


1909 


1 PER CI 
I.N'CRL 


NT OK 
.ISE. 1 




1914- 
1919 


1909- 
191-1 


1914- 
1919 


1909- 
1914 


Number of establisliments.. . .59 


59 
l:j,290 

725 

12,5.57 

25, S64 

S20,9S1,U70 


52 
12,S!>4 

649 

12, 22S 

823,llol318. 








.?s, Ii2,:i.s5 

1,036,409 
7,075,976 
2,672 
167, 226 
16,930,141 
26,659,365 

9, 729, 224 


57,427,175 

924, 837 

6,502,338 

,S, 210 

120,900 

18,884,342 

29,1.53,723 

10, 269, 381 


111.2 
VM.Ii 
107.8 
1314.5 
657.8 
49.9 
88.4 

155.4 


9.2 




3.7 


3.2 




12. 1 


Proprietors and firm 






Paid for contract work 

Rent and taxes 

Cost of materials 

Value of products 

Value added by manufac- 
ture- ', 




Salaried empioyees 

Wage earners (average 
mimljer) 


1,I4S 

12,(125 

2S, 741 

S42, ,SU3, 02ii 


5S.3 11.7 

0. 5 2. 7 
U.l 38.0 
58. 9 16. 7 


3S 3 
-10.3 


Capital 


-5.3 


1 X minus sigi 
9917B— 22 


(-) denote 


decrease. 


Per cent omi 


ted whe 


re base is 


less than U)0. > Vi 


hie of iirodi 


cts less cost 


of materials 
( 


:i) 





MANUFACTURES. 

Table 2.— PRINCIPAL STATES, RANKED BY VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1919. 





Number 
of estab- 
lish- 
ments. 


WAGE EARNERS. 


VALUE OF PRODUCTS. 


VALUE ADDED BY 
MANUFACTURE. 


STATE. ' 


Average 
number. 


Per cent 
distribu- 
tion. 


Ranli. 


Amount 
(expressed 
in thou- 
sands). 


Per cent 
distribu- 
tion. 


Kanli. 


Amount 
(expressed 
in thou- 
sands). 


Per cent 
distribu- 
tion. 


Rank. 




59 


12,625 


100.0 




$50, 235 


100.0 




$24,849 


100.0 










21 

8 

5 
18 


5,2So 1 41.9 

2,035 1 16.1 

1,707 j 13.5 

312 1 2.5 


1 

2 
3 


18,784 
9,030 
8,710 
1,342 

12,369 


37.4 
18.0 
17.3 
2.7 
24.6 


1 
2 
3 

7 


9,323 
4,293 
4,556 
758 
5,919 


37.5 
17.3 
18.4 
3.0 
23.8 


1 




3 




2 




7 




3, 286 : 26. 1 



















Table 3.— PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE INDUSTRY: 1919, 1914, AND 1909. 





Cen- 
year. 


Total. 


Male. 


Fe- 
male. 


PER CENT 
OF TOTAL. 


CLASS. 


Cen- 
year. 


Total. 


Male. 


Fe- 
male. 


PER CENT 
OF TOTAL. 




Male. 


Fe- 
male. 


Male. 


Fe- 
male. 




1919 
1914 
1909 

1919 
1914 
1909 

1919 
1914 
1909 

1919 
1914 
1909 

1919 
1914 
1909 


13,777 
13, 290 
12,884 


13, 545 
13, 190 
12,832 


232 
100 
52 


98.3 
99.2 
99.6 

99.1 
99.5 


1.7 
O.S 
0.4 

0^9 
0.5 


Clerks and other subordinate salaried 
employees. 

Wage earners (a\erage number) 


1919 
1914 
1909 

1919 
19U 
1909 

1919 
1914 
1909 

1919 
1914 
1909 


725 
545 
464 

12. 625 
12,557 
12, 228 


549 
459 
424 

12.573 
12,544 
12,216 


176 

86 
40 

52 
13 
12 


75.7 
84.2 
91.4 

99.6 
99.9 
99.9 


24.3 




15.8 
8.6 




427 
188 
192 


423 

187 
192 


4 

1 






0.4 
0.1 










0.1 


J'roprielors and Grm members 


4 

S 
7 

108 
78 
61 

315 
102 
124 


4 
8 

7 

105 

78 
6. 

314 
101 
124 


3 

1 
1 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

97.2 
100.0 
100.0 

99.7 
99.0 
100.0 


2.8 

0.3 
1.0 


12,588 
12,507 
12, 155 

37 

60 
73 


12, 536 
12, 494 
12, 143 

37 
50 
73 


52 
13 
12 


99.6 
99.9 
99.9 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 


0.4 


Salaried officers of corporations 




0.1 
0.1 


Superintendents and managers — 







Table 4.— WAGE EARNERS, BY MONTHS, FOR STATES: 1919. 
(The month of maximum employment for each state is indicated by bold-faced figures and that of minimum employment by italic figures.) 





Average 
number 

ployed 
during 
year. 




NUMBER EMPLOYED ON 


15th day 


OF THE 


MONTH OR nearest REPRESENT.iTIVE 


DAY. 




Per 

cent 


STATF.. 


January. 


Febru- 


March. 


April. 


May. 


Jiuie. 


July. 


.\ugust. 


:^entem- 
ber. 


Octo- 
ber. 


Novem- 
ber. 


Decem- 
ber. 


mmi- 
mum 
is of 
maxi- 


United States: 


12,625 

12, 573 

52 

12,557 


10,615 

10,569 

46 

11.816 


9,924 

9,88.S 

41 

12,672 


9,7SS 

9,718 

US 

13,193 


10,529 
10,494 

12,701 


11,268 

11,227 

41 

12,613 


11,482 

11,434 

48 

12,849 


13,006 

12,960 

46 

13,221 


13,781 

13,72:! 

.58 

13,427 


14,625 

14, ,570 

55 

13,211 


15, 478 

15,407 

71 

12,555 


15,4.54 

15,385 

69 

11,336 


15,585 

15,506 

79 

11,190 


62.6 


Males 


62.7 




44.3 












5,285 
2,035 
312 
1,707 
3,28fi 


3,830 
1,908 
300 
1,620 
2,957 


S.sai 

1,657 

326 

2,961 


3,719 
1,602 
317 
1,4.54 
g,6Sl 


4,189 
1,842 
303 
1.492 
2,703 


4,539 
1,914 
316 
1,705 
2,794 


4,598 
2,030 

lei 

1.692 
2,901 


5,777 
2,069 
277 
1.720 
3,163 


6,010 
2,221 
309 
1,769 
3,472 


6,496 
2,197 
314 
1,,S61 
3, 7.i7 


6.900 
2,330 
312 
1.950 
3,986 


6,863 
2,278 
356 
1,923 
4,034 


6.948 

2,372 

3.5'i 

1,869 

i.OiS 


51.1 


New Jersey 

New Vorlc' 


67.5 
73.3 


Pennsylvania 


73.3 











CAST-IRON PIPE. 



Table 5.— AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS, BY PREVAILING HOURS OF LABOR PER WEEK, FOR STATES: 

1919 AND 1914. 





Cen- 
sus 
year. 


Total. 


IN ESTABLISHMENTS WHERE THE 
PREVAILING HOURS OF LABOR 
PER WEEK WERE— 


STATE. 


Cen- 
sus 
year. 


Total. 


IN ESTABLISHMENTS WHERE THE 
PREV.^aiNG HOURS OF LABOR 
FEB WEEK WERE— 


STATE. 


48 

and 
under. 


Be- 
tween 
48 
and 
54. 


54. 


Be- 

tween 

and 
60. 


60. 


48 
and 
under. 


Be- 
tween 
48 
and 
54. 


54. 


Be- 
tween 
54 
and 
60. 


60. 




1919 
1914 
1909 

1919 
1914 

1919 
1914 


12,625 
12,557 
12,228 


'1,564 
171 

378 


440 


4,709 
1,303 
1,425 


3,208 
3,026 
1,131 


2,704 
8,057 
9,264 


New York 2 


1919 

1919 
1914 


312 

1,707 
1,835 


63 


68 
130 


138 

673 
101 


43 

546 
194 


















5,285 
3,696 

2,035 
3,421 


'1,032 
113 


242 


1,580 
795 

548 
100 


1,456 
802 

741 
1,875 


1,217 
1.986 

504 
1,446 

























' Includes 293 of group "44 and under." '- Figures tor 1914 not available 

Table 6.— SIZE OF ESTABLISHMENTS, BY AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS, FOR STATES: 1919 AND 1914. 





Cen- 
sus 
year. 


TOTAL. 








ESTABLISHMENTS EMPLOYING — 






STATE. 


1 to 5 

wage 

earners, 

inclusive. 


6 to 20 

wage 

earners, 

inclusive. 


21 to 50 

wage 

earners, 

inclusive. 


51 to 100 

wage 
earners, 
inclusive. 


101 to 250 

wage 
earners, 
inclusive. 


251 to 500 

wage 
earners, 
inclusive. 


501 to 1,000 
wage 

inclusive. 


Over 1.000 

wage 
earners. 




J: . 

la 

w 




Is 




1^ 




Is 

w 

4 
4 


165 
132 


|6 
w 

14 
12 


^1 


Is 


|s 


J: . 

IS 
Is 

K 


$1 


Is 
la 

w 




if 


^1 


United States 


1919 
1914 

1919 
1914 

1919 
1914 

1919 

1919 
1914 


59 
59 


12,625 
12,537 






2 
3 


15 
39 


961 
984 


20 
18 


3,310 
2,589 


14 
14 


4,772 
4,825 


4 
6 


2,255 
3,980 


1 


1,147 




2 


8 












21 
20 

1 
5 

7 


5,2X5 
3,696 

2,035 
3,421 

312 

1,707 
1,835 










1 


5 
3 

2 

1 

3 

2 
2 


341 
237 

145 
100 

220 

123 
193 


S 

8 

3 
3 


1,291 
1,149 

559 
516 


6 
3 

2 
3 


1,990 
988 

770 
1,206 


1 

2 

1 
2 


516 
1,252 

561 
1,599 


1 


1,147 




1 


4 


2 


31 


1 


35 




New Jersey 
































2 




86 






Pennsylvania 










2 
2 


244 
231 


2 
2 

■ 


667 
862 


1 

1 


673 
549 













































I Figiires lor 1914 not available. 
Table 7.— SIZE OF ESTABLISHMENTS, BY VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1919, 1914, AND 1909. 



VALUE UF PRODUCT. 


NUMBER OF 
E.STABLISHMENTS. 




AVERAGE 
WAGE 


NUMBER OF 
EARNERS. 




VALUE OF PRODUCTS 






VALUE ADDED BY MANUFACTURE. 




1919 


1914 


1909 




1919 


191 t 


1 IMni 


1919 


1914 


1909 


1919 


1914 


1909 


Ail classes 


59 


59 


52 




12,625 


2,557 


12,228 


$50,235,101 


$26, 659, 365 


$29, 153, 723 


$24,848,549 


$9,729,224 


$10, 269, 381 




3 
23 

15 
IS 


'14 
27 
10 

8 


'11 

} 28 

13 


{ 


66 
1,975 
2, .S13 
7,771 


} 


'550 
7,190 
4, 817 


'301 
4,815 
7,109 


{ 


ISO, 264 
6, 927, 931 
10, 368, 067 
32, 75.S, 839 


'829,419 
6,351,931 
7,675,640 
11,802,345 


} 


' 540, 922 
10,641,104 
17,971,697 


{ 


91,401 
3, 828, 542 
5, 480, 965 
15, 447, 041 


} 


'398,656 
5, 684, 793 
3, 645, 775 


' 246, 769 






I8.500,000 to Jl.OOO.OOO. 






6, 102, 047 




















PER CENT DISTRIBUTION. 














100.0 


100.0 


100.0 




100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 j 100.0 




100.0 [ 


100.0 1 


100.0 


100.0 






Less than $100,000... 


5.1 
39.0 
25.4 
30.5 


23.7 
45.7 
17.0 
13.6 


21.2 

} 53.8 

25.0 


{ 


0.5 




4.4 
57.2 
38.4 


2.5 II 
39.4 l{ 
58.1 i 


0. 4 3. 1 
13.8 1 23.8 
20.6 28.8 
65.2 1 44.3 


} 


1.9 
36.5 \( 
61.6 


0.4 1 
15.4 1 
22.1 / 
62.1 


4.1 
58.4 
37.5 


2.4 




15.6 
22.3 
61.5 


} 




$500,000 to $1,000,000 


59.4 























' Includes the groups "Less than 85,000" and " $5,000 to $20,000." 



MANUFACTURES. 



Table 8.— NUMBER AND HORSEPOWER OF TYPES OF PRIME MOVERS: 1919, 1914, AND 1909. 





NUMBER OF ENGINES OB MOTORS. 


HORSEPOWER. 


POWER. 


1919 


1914 


1909 


Amount. 


Per cent distribution. 




1919 


1914 


1909 


1919 


1914 


1909 




1,040 


589 


354 


28, 741 


25,,S64 


18,737 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 






92 
90 
86 
4 
1 
1 

948 


145 
135 
(■) 
(') 

8 
2 

444 


162 
150 
(') 
(') 

11 
1 

192 


11,501 
11,297 
10,547 

750 
4 

200 

17, 240 


17,666 
15,966 
(') 
(') 
1,500 
200 

8,198 


15, 950 
14, 385 
(') 
(') 
1,505 
60 

2,787 


40.0 
39.3 
36.7 
2.6 

0.7 

60.0 


68.3 
61.7 


«.l 




Engines 


Turbines 








5.8 
0.8 

31.7 


8.0 
0.3 

14.9 




Rented— Electric 




Electric 


2,106 


1,616 


1, 189 


35, 493 


28,518 


19,333 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 




Rented 


948 
1,158 


444 
1,172 


192 
997 


17,240 
18,253 


8,198 
20, 320 


2,787 
16,546 


48.6 
51.4 


28.7 
71.3 


14.4 
85.6 







' Not reported separately. 



'■ Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 



Table 9.— FUEL CONSUMED, BY STATES: 1919 AND 1914. 





Cen- 
sus 
year. 


COAL. 


Coke 
(tons, 2,000 
pounds). 


Fuel oils 
(barrels). 


Gasoline and 
other volatile 
oils (barrels). 




STATE. 


Anthracite 
(tons, 2,240 
pounds). 


Bituminous 
(tons, 2,000 
pounds). 


(1,000 cubic 
feet). 


United States 


1919 
1914 

1919 
1914 

1919 

1914 

1919 


27,374 
45,663 


96,387 
99,991 


256, 781 
248,305 


419 
2,036 


658 
■(') 


5,386 
163,83.3 




Alabama 




28,520 
25,382 

21,06" 
17,539 

1,096 

15,618 
16,424 

30,086 
40,646 


132,314 
88,684 

32,255 
46, 146 

3,601 

31,769 
38,294 

56,842 
75,181 






175 






1,067 

10 
692 

8 

51 
270 

350 

7 


(') 

50 


New Jersey 


16,751 
30,094 

106 






151,013 


New York 


70 

126 
0) 

412 
(') 






All other states 


1914 {! 15,' 416 


908 




1914 


153 


11,912 



I Included in figures for fuel oils. 



CAST-IHON PIPE. 



SPECIAL STATISTICS. 



Certain additional information concerninji; the 
quantity and value of products for (lie industry is 
collected by means of supplemental schedules, data for 
which are presented in Table 10. 

Products- comparative statistics, by states. — Table 
10 presents detailed statistics of products for 1919 and 
1914. The table shows distribution by states so far as 
the figures can be shown without disclosino; individual 
operations. There is a considerable production of 
cast-iron pipe by establishments falling under other 
industry classifications, which has been included. 
With respect to 1914, this subsidiary production is in- 
cluded in the totals, but figures are not available to 
permit a distribution by states. 

In 1919 there were 59 estal>lishments in the classified 
industry, and 7 establishments in oth(>r industries 
reporting cast-iron pipe products. Of tlH\se, IS estab- 
lishments manufactured beli-and-spigot pipe. 1.") flangcnl 
pipe, 'A culvert pipe, 22 gas and water pipe fittings, 
and 40 rej)orted the manufacture of soil and [)lumb- 
ers' pipe and fittings. 

The tonnage production of cast-iron |)ipc and fittings 
was 702,o')4 tons in 1919 as compared with 1,120,721 
Ions in 1914. a decrease of '.i~ .'■] per cent: but in value 
these products increased from S2."), 979, 192 in 1914 
to $48,,514,.")S1 in 1919, an increase of ,S().7 per cent. 
The figures show an average ton \alue of $i)9 for 1919 
as compared witli $2:5.20 for 1911. Considering the 
different kinds of pipe [)roducls, liicre was a decrease 
of .'34.7 per cent for the pei'iod 1911 1919 in tonnage 
of bell-and-spigot pipe, witii an incicasc of 1.").") per 
cent in value; ji deci-ease of 9.9 per cent in the tonnage 
of flanged pipe, witii an increase of I l:i per cent in 
value; a decrease of IS..") per cent in ciil\-ert pipe, with 
an increase of M9.ri per cent in value; and a slight 
increase in toiniage of pipe fittings, namely. 1 .S per 
cent, with an increase of 212 per cent in \alue. Soil 
and phunbers" |)ipe and fittings increased 20.;) per 
cent in tonnage and 2.''!0 percent in vjdue. The figures 
show fairly imiform increases in unit values for the 
various classes, namely, bell-and-spigot l)ipe $20 per 



ton in 1914, to S.'Jl in 1919; flanged pipe, §27 in 1914, 
.?72 in 1919; .soil and plumbers' pipe and fittings, 
?29 in 1914. and SSO in 1919. 

T.\BLE 10. — Products — Compauative Statistics, bv States: 
1919 AND 1914. 



Cast-iron pipe inrtustrj- 

Subsidiary cast-iron pipe products, 
other industries 



Quan- 
tity 
(tons) 
2,000 
pounds 



$5I,902,7fi3 



.iO, 235, 101 
l,m)7,662 



I pipe iind fiitiiiKs I 702,554 \ 4S,.516,5S1 



(ias and water pipe and fittings 

.Mal'ama 

Ne'.v .Jersey 

New York 

Pennsylvania 

rtlier states 



447,881 
149,781 

80,f.94 
2,069 

li9,S34 
145, .^a 



Hell-and-spiRot pijie i^ 375.203 

.\lalaina I 123,433 

New Jersey ; 68,6,52 

Pennsylvania ^ 67,236 

( Iherstates 115,8,'-2 



Flanged pipe 

Alabama 

Now Jersey., 
ether states.. 

Culvert pipe 



rittinps 

.'Mat'ainn 

Now Jor.scy . 
Now Yorlv. . 
Pennsylvania. 



2 23, 791 
7,916 
4,855 
11,020 

2 5,657 

! 43, 230 
17,944 
6,993 
2,069 
2,46; 



thcr, states ] 13,759 

oil and pluml ers' pipe and fit- 

tiiigs > 254.673 

Alalania 122,827 i 

New Jersey 34, 543 

York 18,088 



Pcnnsvlv 



4H,062 



ether states ■ 33,153 

ther castings (not pipe and fittings) 16, 401 
thcr products 



28, 124, 128 
8,895,383 
4,919,620 
2.54,352 
5,102,831 
8,951,942 

19,257,663 
6,124,643 
3,464,419 
3, ,519, ,357 
6,149,244 

1,714,250 
545, 394 
.370,028 
79S, 828 

344, Ota 

6, .808, 1,53 
2,189,297 
1,076,849 
2.54, 352 
1,. 568, 90S 
1,71.8,747 



20, 390, 453 
9, 3,36, 677 
3, 420, 445 
1,518,978 
3,6.80,711 
2,433,642 



Quan- 
tity 
(ton's). 



1909,069 
186,415 
215,481 



: 828, 905 
170,515 
193, 4,^1 
1. SO, 994 
262, .343 

1 27, 289 
8,051 
8,915 
5,011 



'41,864 
4, S(i9 
10,970 



■211,6,52 
77, 996 
48,4,34 
10,896 
17,425 
30,814 

13,. 581 




1246,527 

'2,182,893 
263,9.35 
583,076 
43, .835 
420, 967 
797, 928 



' Includes production not distributed by states, 1914: 

Cms and water pipe and fittings 28,631 Ir,',;; «7ifl, 7:in 

I'ell-and-spigol f)ij)e 21, "i ' >lj ■ li 

rian^cd pipe 5.;i"'':i , i J ' -n 

Cuhcrl pijK' and fittings 1, 7'J , inn , , i, .'.'7 

Soil and pluml ers' pipe and fittings 26,iis7 ions; m73,.,I2 

; Nunil or otcstaMishmonts, 1919: 

Poll-and-spigot pipe IS 

Flant'cd pipe 15 

Cub ert pipe 3 

Pipe fittings 22 

Soil and phunt ers' pipe and fittings 40 



MANUFACTURES. 



003 300 063 7 



GENERAL TABLES. 



Table 11 gives, for 1919, 1914, and 1909, a com- 
parative summary, by states, for number of establish- 
ments, average number of wage earners, primary 
horsepower, wages, cost of materials, and value of 



products. Table 12 presents, for 1919, the detailed 
statistics for the industry for such states as can be 
shown without disclosing the operations of individual 
establisliments. 



Table 11.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY, BY STATES: 1919, 1914, AND 1909. 



mentsi ^„, 



59 ! 12,625 
59 I 12,557 
52 12,228 



5,285 
3,696 
2,878 

2,035 
3.421 
3,275 



horse- 
power. 



28,741 
25, 864 
18, 737 



10,754 
6,130 
4,632 

3,714 
4,785 
4,035 



Wages 



Cost of 
mate- 
rials. 



S25, 387 
16,930 
18, 884 



5,776 
2, 054 
1,393 

2,655 
1,991 
1,951 



9,461 
3,907 
3,706 

4,737 
4, 7S4 
5,355 



350,235 , New York. 
26, 659 
29, 1.54 



18, 784 
6,751 
6,097 



All other states. 



berof 
estab- 
lish, 
ments 



1,707 
1, 835 
1,435 

3.286 
3,392 
4,176 



Pri- 
mary 
horse- 



3,892 
4,062 
2,531 

9,614 
10, 594 
6,487 



Cost of 
mate- 
rials. 



$373 
124 
268 


S585 
186 
687 


2,148 

1,029 

711 


4,154 
3,295 
2,423 


3,753 
1,878 
2,179 


6,450 
4.758 
6,713 



$1,342 



8,710 
4,551 
3,534 



T.\BLE 12.— DETAILED STATEMENT FOR THE INDUSTRY, BY STATES: 1919. 





Num- 
ber of 
estab- 
lish- 
ments 


PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE INDUSTRY. 


WAGE EARNERS DEC. 15, OR 
NEAREST REPRESENTATIVE DAY. 


Capital. 


EXPENSES. 




Total. 


Pro- 
'; prie- 
tors 
and 
firm 
imem- 
bers. 


Sala- 
ried 
offl- 

super- 

tend- 
ents, 
and 

agers. 


Clerks, el(^ Wage earners. 


Total. 


16 and over. 


Under 
16. 


Salaries and wages. 


STATE. 


Male. 


Fe- 
male. 


Aver- 
age 

ber. 


Number, 15th day of— 


Male. 


Fe- 
male. 


Male. 


Officials. 






Maximum 
month. 


Minimum 
month. 


Clerks, 
etc. 


United States 


59 


13,777 


4 


423 


549 


176 


12,625 


De 15, .585 


Mh 9,753 


15,651 


15,542 


72 


37 


$42, 863, 026 


$1,385,596 


$1,045,616 




21 

8 
5 
7 
18 


.5,767 
2,248 
3.50 
I..S.W 
3, .553 


1 

""'2' 
...... 


147 
97 
14 
55 

110 


265 

84 
14 
87 
99 


69 
32 

8 
10 
57 


.5, 285 
2,035 
312 
1,707 
3,286 


De 6, 948 
De 2, 372 
No 356 
Oc 1,950 


Fe 3,551 
Mh 1,602 
Je 261 
Fe 1,429 


6, 948 
2,372 
353 
1,931 
4,047 


6,914 
2, 36S 
3.52 
1,896 
4,012 


34 
3 

1 

IS 
16 


i" 

it' 

19 


12,365,071 
8, 637, 290 
1,145,231 

11,008,421 
9,707,013 


499,709 
238, 403 
73,002 
191, 280 
383,202 








New York 


28,003 






248,498 















EXPENSES— continued. 


Value of 
products. 


Value 
added by 
manufac- 
ture. 






POWER. 






Salaries and 
wages— Con. 

Wage 


For 
contract 
work. 


Rent and taxes. 


For materials. 


Primary horsepower. 


Elec- 
tric 
horse- 
power 
gener- 


.STATE. 


Rent of 
factory. 


Taxes, 
Federal, 
state, 
county, 
and" 
local. 


Principal Fu^\''„f 


Total. 


Owned. 


Rent- 
ed 
(elec- 
tric). 




Steam 
engines 
(not tur- 
bines). 


steam 
tur- 
bines. 


Inter- 
nal- 
com- 
bus- 
tion 
en- 
gines. 


Water 
pow- 
er. 


in 
estab- 
lish- 
ments 
re- 
port- 
ing. 


United Stiites 


$14, 705, 398 


337, 795 


$20,782 


$1, 246, 473 


322,744,779 ,32,641,773 


$50, 235, 101 


$24,848,549 


28, 741 


10, 547 


750 


4 


200 


17,240 


18, 253 


Alabama 


5, 776, 258 

2, 655, 154 

372,939 

2, 148, 481 


5,413 


13,380 


453, 439 
101, 546 
50,382 
406,601 
234,505 


.8,381,774 1 1,079,183 

4,259,465 : 477,688 

531,321 53,310 

3,837,182 316,810 


18,784,305 
9, 029, 796 
1, 342, 422 
8. 709. 771 






3, .545 
2,447 
210 
1,585 
2,760 








7,209 

517 

557 

2,307 

6,650 


5,841 
4,637 


New Jersey 


4,292,643 3,714 

757,791 1; 767 

4,555,779 , 3,892 


750 






New York 










Pennsylvania 


■32; 382' 


4,401 
2,998 












3, 752, 566 






... .. 


200 


6,016 

















> AU other states embrace: Ohio, 6 establishments; Virginia, 3; Maryland, 2; and 1 each in CaUfornia, Georgia, Indiana, Massachusetts, North Carolina, Oregon, and 



o 



003 300 063 7 



HoUinger 

pH 8.5 

Mill Run F03-2474 



